10米/秒比肩博尔特!公司成立不到一年,开发出全球跑得最快的机器狗!

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电子发烧友网报道(文/梁浩斌)世界上跑得最快的机器狗来了!近日,一款机器名为“黑豹Ⅱ”的四足机器人在网络上爆火,官方发布的视频显示,黑豹Ⅱ的最高行走速度可以高达每秒10米,成为全球“跑得最快”的四足机器人。

作为对比,此前宇树也曾展示过其B2四足机器人的最高速度,可以达到每秒6米;云深处绝影X20行业四足机器人最高运动速度约每秒5米。
 
公司成立不到一年,技术源自浙江大学
 
黑豹2.0来自镜识科技,该公司成立于2024年5月,至今一年不到,专注于AI赋能高机动足式机器人运动研发,致力于推动具身智能技术的发展,引领消费级和工业级机器人技术的革新。
 
在成立不到一年时间里能够获得突破,主要得益于源自浙江大学的初创团队,联合创始人之一的王宏涛,是浙江大学求是特聘教授,担任浙江大学杭州国际科创中心人形机器人创新研究院院长。而另一位联合创始人金永斌,是浙江大学博士,师从杨卫院士,于浙江大学交叉力学中心从事高速足式机器人动力学分析、控制器设计、稳定性评估和软硬件优化。
 
早前金永斌博士的其中一个研究课题,就是能够高速行走的四足机器人,研究成果被应用到镜识科技四足机器人上。

在去年6月,镜识科技就放出了一段测试视频,当时显示该四足机器人已经能够达到每秒8米的奔跑速度,该研究成果在Nature Machine Intelligence及IEEE等顶级期刊上发表。

机器狗
来源:镜识科技

 
根据最新的视频资料,当时视频中的机器人是黑豹Ⅱ代的概念机,黑豹Ⅱ代如今最终可以实现每秒10米的最高速度。官方信息显示,最新的黑豹Ⅱ代四足机器人就是浙江大学杭州国际科创中心人形机器人创新研究院联合镜识科技、杭州凯达尔焊接机器人共同研发的成果。
 
黑豹Ⅱ代为了跑得更快,在尺寸上也相比前代和概念机更大,站立高度为0.63米,重量38kg。金永斌表示,黑豹Ⅱ能够突破速度极限的背后,是团队对机器人动力学有了突破性研究。
 
在黑豹Ⅱ上他们采用了惠更斯耦合摆原理,让它的四足协调成统一的步态,形成一股合力达成高速冲刺。
 
其次,为进一步降低高速奔跑时机器人冲击瞬间的地面作用力、减少运动能耗,他们巧妙地使用弹簧安装在黑豹2.0的膝关节作为缓冲器。
 
为进一步打破黑豹6m/s奔跑时小腿必然折断的魔咒,他们又研发了“仿跳鼠碳纤维小腿”,做到了在重量仅提升16%的代价下刚度提升135%。
 
最后,他们还仿照猎豹的利爪,给黑豹2.0定制了特殊的“跑鞋”,使其抓地性能提升200%,让黑豹做到每一步快如闪电却又稳如泰山。
 
王宏涛也介绍道,在研发黑豹Ⅱ的过程中,团队在两个方面实现了颠覆性突破,一是形成了机器人正向设计的优化软件,可以服务于各类型的机器人设计工作,有效节约机器人研发过程中的时间和成本,二是高功率密度的电机驱动器。
 
四足机器人落地加速,人形机器人今年规模量产?
 
过去几年里,四足机器人行业在中国发展极为迅速,宇树、云深处、蔚蓝等公司推出的四足机器人产品在技术上取得突破的同时,还实现了在多个行业中的应用落地。
 
去年,云深处与Eastern Green Power进行合作,将云深处X30行业级四足机器人电力隧道巡检解决方案应用到新加坡能源集团,这也是国内首次有四足机器人在海外电力系统中实现落地应用。
 
而据宇树科技创始人兼CEO王兴兴介绍,宇树四足机器人在消费端、科研教育端、行业端应用都已经有产品落地,并且销量占约60%~70%的市场份额,业务范围覆盖全球50%以上的国家和地区。
 
蔚蓝科技除了行业应用的产品之外,还开拓了面向家庭生活场景、智能陪伴的机器狗产品BabyAlpha,目前淘宝、京东两个购物平台上已经有数千个购买评价。对于近万元售价的市场探索型产品而言,蔚蓝目前在消费端市场上已经取得了不错的成绩。
 
但如果说四足机器人已经实现普及,那现在还远远达不到。整体来看,四足机器人目前主要还是用于科研和教育的场景,基于成熟的四足机器人硬件平台,在平台之上开发更加先进的算法等。而行业应用和消费市场还处于萌芽阶段,整个市场上还未对这类产品形成足够的认知。
 
当然,从实际应用上看,四足机器人由于其形态确实能够在行业应用中担任一些特殊的任务。但能否真正实现普及,打开万亿级别的市场,还需要看AI能力能否满足人们对于四足机器人的想象。
 
另一方面,人形机器人的发展也在进一步加速。在刚刚结束的CES 2025上,特斯拉CEO马斯克透露,公司计划在2025年生产数千台人形机器人,他还表示,若一切顺利,2026年计划将产量提高至2025年的10倍,即大约5万到10万台,2027年进一步提高至10倍,预计50万台到100万台。
 
与此同时英伟达CEO黄仁勋也在CES上的演讲中重点提到人形机器人产品,并将国内外14款机器人产品带到台上,均采用了英伟达的计算平台。黄仁勋还提出要与多家全球知名的机器人操作系统企业、机器人传感器制造商、机器人本体制造企业等合作共建机器人生态系统。
 
未来,人形机器人或与四足机器人实现互补,两种形态的机器人面向不同的应用场景,共同推动机器人在日常生活、工作中的普及。
                                           
小结:
 
目前四足机器人仍处于百花齐放的阶段,技术路线同样存在多种可能,比如去年大火的轮足形态四足机器人,展现出对复杂地形更强大的适应性。这次镜识科技推出的黑豹Ⅱ则是从足部结构上去探索四足机器人的速度极限,或许也能够在未来的一些特殊场景中发挥出其独有的优势。
                                                                                                                                   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