stm32的启动文件startup_stm32f10x_hd.s主要包含以下6个部分：
- 分配栈，包括大小和栈顶地址（不初始化）；
- 分配堆，包括大小和堆起始地址（不初始化）；
- 初始化中断向量表，将栈顶地址初始化为FLASH的0地址，复位程序为0X04地址，并将程序计数器指针PC指向复位程序0X04；
- 复位程序；
- 中断服务程序；
- 初始化1和2分配的堆栈；
以下是启动文件：
;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics ********************
;* File Name : startup_stm32f10x_hd.s
;* Author : MCD Application Team
;* Version : V3.5.0
;* Date : 11-March-2011
;* Description : STM32F10x High Density Devices vector table for MDK-ARM
;* toolchain.
;* This module performs:
;* - Set the initial SP
;* - 初始化堆栈指针SP
;* - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler
;* - 初始化PC指针 == Reset_Handler复位程序，上电复位后的第一个程序
;* - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address
;* - 以规定的ISR（中断服务请求）地址来设置中断向量表
;* - Configure the clock system and also configure the external
;* SRAM mounted on STM3210E-EVAL board to be used as data
;* memory (optional, to be enabled by user)
;* - 配置系统时钟，配置挂载到stm32板上的外部SRAM（可选项）
;* - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually
;* calls main()).
;* - 调用Ck库函数 __main，去到C的世界
;* After Reset the CortexM3 processor is in Thread mode,
;* priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>>
;*******************************************************************************
; THE PRESENT FIRMWARE WHICH IS FOR GUIDANCE ONLY AIMS AT PROVIDING CUSTOMERS
; WITH CODING INFORMATION REGARDING THEIR PRODUCTS IN ORDER FOR THEM TO SAVE TIME.
; AS A RESULT, STMICROELECTRONICS SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
; INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WITH RESPECT TO ANY CLAIMS ARISING FROM THE
; CONTENT OF SUCH FIRMWARE AND/OR THE USE MADE BY CUSTOMERS OF THE CODING
; INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR PRODUCTS.
;*******************************************************************************
; 1-栈
; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack
; 为堆栈分配内存，以字节为单位
; Tailor this value to your application needs
; 可以根据需要修改栈的大小
;
Stack Configuration
; 配置栈（栈就是一块内存）：变量（局部/全局），函数调用
; Stack Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
;
Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400
; 定义栈大小 1024字节（1KB）
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
; 告诉编译器汇编一个数据段，段名为STACK，不初始化，可读可写，8字节对齐
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size
; 分配内存空间，单位字节，大小为Stack_Size
__initial_sp
; 栈顶地址
; 2-堆
;
Heap Configuration
; 配置堆，主要用于动态内存分配，malloc()
; Heap Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
;
Heap_Size EQU 0x00000200
; 512字节
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
__heap_base
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size
__heap_limit
; 堆起始地址
PRESERVE8 ; 当前堆栈以8字节对齐
THUMB ; 兼容THUMB指令集，THUMB是16位指令集，现在使用的THUMB-2是32位指令
; 3-中断向量表
; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
; 初始化中断向量表，向量表在复位时映射到地址0
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY
; 汇编一个数据段，属性只读
EXPORT __Vectors
; 向量表起始地址
EXPORT __Vectors_End
; 向量表结束地址
EXPORT __Vectors_Size
__Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack
; 把栈顶地址初始化成向量表的起始地址，解释如下：
; 向量表从FLASH的0地址开始放置，以4个字节为一个单位，地址0存放的是栈
; 顶地址，0X04存放的是复位程序的地址，以此类推。从代码上看，向量表中存放
; 的都是中断服务函数的函数名，可我们知道C语言中的函数名就是一个地址。
DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler
; 初始化复位程序地址，地址0X04
DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler
DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler
DCD MemManage_Handler ; MPU Fault Handler
DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault Handler
DCD UsageFault_Handler ; Usage Fault Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler
DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler
DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler
; External Interrupts
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window Watchdog
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
DCD TAMPER_IRQHandler ; Tamper
DCD RTC_IRQHandler ; RTC
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; Flash
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 0
DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 1
DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 2
DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 3
DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 4
DCD DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 1
DCD DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 2
DCD DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 3
DCD DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 4
DCD DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 5
DCD DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 6
DCD DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 7
DCD ADC1_2_IRQHandler ; ADC1 & ADC2
DCD USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler ; USB High Priority or CAN1 TX
DCD USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; USB Low Priority or CAN1 RX0
DCD CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX1
DCD CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN1 SCE
DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 9..5
DCD TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break
DCD TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update
DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4
DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event
DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error
DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event
DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Error
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3
DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 15..10
DCD RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ; RTC Alarm through EXTI Line
DCD USBWakeUp_IRQHandler ; USB Wakeup from suspend
DCD TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Break
DCD TIM8_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Update
DCD TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Capture Compare
DCD ADC3_IRQHandler ; ADC3
DCD FSMC_IRQHandler ; FSMC
DCD SDIO_IRQHandler ; SDIO
DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ; TIM5
DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ; SPI3
DCD UART4_IRQHandler ; UART4
DCD UART5_IRQHandler ; UART5
DCD TIM6_IRQHandler ; TIM6
DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ; TIM7
DCD DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel1
DCD DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel2
DCD DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel3
DCD DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel4 & Channel5
__Vectors_End
__Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End - __Vectors
; 至此，向量表分配完成。
; 4-复位程序
; 开始进行复位程序，定义一个只读的代码段
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY
; Reset handler
Reset_Handler PROC
; 定义子程序，与ENDP成对使用，表示子程序的开始和结束
EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK]
; 声明全局属性，弱定义
IMPORT __main
; 相当于c中的extern，从外部寻找一个__main函数
IMPORT SystemInit
; 寻找一个SystemInit系统时钟初始化函数
LDR R0, =SystemInit
; 把SystemInit函数地址加载到R0寄存器
BLX R0
; 跳转到R0地址去执行函数
LDR R0, =__main
BX R0
; 加载 + 执行__main函数
ENDP
; 至此复位函数完成
stm32的启动文件startup_stm32f10x_hd.s主要包含以下6个部分：
- 分配栈，包括大小和栈顶地址（不初始化）；
- 分配堆，包括大小和堆起始地址（不初始化）；
- 初始化中断向量表，将栈顶地址初始化为FLASH的0地址，复位程序为0X04地址，并将程序计数器指针PC指向复位程序0X04；
- 复位程序；
- 中断服务程序；
- 初始化1和2分配的堆栈；
以下是启动文件：
;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics ********************
;* File Name : startup_stm32f10x_hd.s
;* Author : MCD Application Team
;* Version : V3.5.0
;* Date : 11-March-2011
;* Description : STM32F10x High Density Devices vector table for MDK-ARM
;* toolchain.
;* This module performs:
;* - Set the initial SP
;* - 初始化堆栈指针SP
;* - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler
;* - 初始化PC指针 == Reset_Handler复位程序，上电复位后的第一个程序
;* - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address
;* - 以规定的ISR（中断服务请求）地址来设置中断向量表
;* - Configure the clock system and also configure the external
;* SRAM mounted on STM3210E-EVAL board to be used as data
;* memory (optional, to be enabled by user)
;* - 配置系统时钟，配置挂载到stm32板上的外部SRAM（可选项）
;* - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually
;* calls main()).
;* - 调用Ck库函数 __main，去到C的世界
;* After Reset the CortexM3 processor is in Thread mode,
;* priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>>
;*******************************************************************************
; THE PRESENT FIRMWARE WHICH IS FOR GUIDANCE ONLY AIMS AT PROVIDING CUSTOMERS
; WITH CODING INFORMATION REGARDING THEIR PRODUCTS IN ORDER FOR THEM TO SAVE TIME.
; AS A RESULT, STMICROELECTRONICS SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
; INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WITH RESPECT TO ANY CLAIMS ARISING FROM THE
; CONTENT OF SUCH FIRMWARE AND/OR THE USE MADE BY CUSTOMERS OF THE CODING
; INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR PRODUCTS.
;*******************************************************************************
; 1-栈
; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack
; 为堆栈分配内存，以字节为单位
; Tailor this value to your application needs
; 可以根据需要修改栈的大小
;
Stack Configuration
; 配置栈（栈就是一块内存）：变量（局部/全局），函数调用
; Stack Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
;
Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400
; 定义栈大小 1024字节（1KB）
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
; 告诉编译器汇编一个数据段，段名为STACK，不初始化，可读可写，8字节对齐
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size
; 分配内存空间，单位字节，大小为Stack_Size
__initial_sp
; 栈顶地址
; 2-堆
;
Heap Configuration
; 配置堆，主要用于动态内存分配，malloc()
; Heap Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
;
Heap_Size EQU 0x00000200
; 512字节
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
__heap_base
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size
__heap_limit
; 堆起始地址
PRESERVE8 ; 当前堆栈以8字节对齐
THUMB ; 兼容THUMB指令集，THUMB是16位指令集，现在使用的THUMB-2是32位指令
; 3-中断向量表
; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
; 初始化中断向量表，向量表在复位时映射到地址0
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY
; 汇编一个数据段，属性只读
EXPORT __Vectors
; 向量表起始地址
EXPORT __Vectors_End
; 向量表结束地址
EXPORT __Vectors_Size
__Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack
; 把栈顶地址初始化成向量表的起始地址，解释如下：
; 向量表从FLASH的0地址开始放置，以4个字节为一个单位，地址0存放的是栈
; 顶地址，0X04存放的是复位程序的地址，以此类推。从代码上看，向量表中存放
; 的都是中断服务函数的函数名，可我们知道C语言中的函数名就是一个地址。
DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler
; 初始化复位程序地址，地址0X04
DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler
DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler
DCD MemManage_Handler ; MPU Fault Handler
DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault Handler
DCD UsageFault_Handler ; Usage Fault Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler
DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler
DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler
; External Interrupts
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window Watchdog
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
DCD TAMPER_IRQHandler ; Tamper
DCD RTC_IRQHandler ; RTC
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; Flash
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 0
DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 1
DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 2
DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 3
DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 4
DCD DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 1
DCD DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 2
DCD DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 3
DCD DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 4
DCD DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 5
DCD DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 6
DCD DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 7
DCD ADC1_2_IRQHandler ; ADC1 & ADC2
DCD USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler ; USB High Priority or CAN1 TX
DCD USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; USB Low Priority or CAN1 RX0
DCD CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX1
DCD CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN1 SCE
DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 9..5
DCD TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break
DCD TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update
DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4
DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event
DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error
DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event
DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Error
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3
DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 15..10
DCD RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ; RTC Alarm through EXTI Line
DCD USBWakeUp_IRQHandler ; USB Wakeup from suspend
DCD TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Break
DCD TIM8_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Update
DCD TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Capture Compare
DCD ADC3_IRQHandler ; ADC3
DCD FSMC_IRQHandler ; FSMC
DCD SDIO_IRQHandler ; SDIO
DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ; TIM5
DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ; SPI3
DCD UART4_IRQHandler ; UART4
DCD UART5_IRQHandler ; UART5
DCD TIM6_IRQHandler ; TIM6
DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ; TIM7
DCD DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel1
DCD DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel2
DCD DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel3
DCD DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel4 & Channel5
__Vectors_End
__Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End - __Vectors
; 至此，向量表分配完成。
; 4-复位程序
; 开始进行复位程序，定义一个只读的代码段
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY
; Reset handler
Reset_Handler PROC
; 定义子程序，与ENDP成对使用，表示子程序的开始和结束
EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK]
; 声明全局属性，弱定义
IMPORT __main
; 相当于c中的extern，从外部寻找一个__main函数
IMPORT SystemInit
; 寻找一个SystemInit系统时钟初始化函数
LDR R0, =SystemInit
; 把SystemInit函数地址加载到R0寄存器
BLX R0
; 跳转到R0地址去执行函数
LDR R0, =__main
BX R0
; 加载 + 执行__main函数
ENDP
; 至此复位函数完成
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