A quick peek at the barrel of your camera’s lens reveals a jungle of letters, numbers, and acronyms. What exactly do they all mean and how can you translate the codes into useful information?
快速浏览一下相机镜头的镜筒，就会发现字母，数字和首字母缩写的丛林。 它们到底意味着什么，您又如何将代码转换为有用的信息？ Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of Photography Exchange—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites. Image courtesy of Canon, USA. 今天的问答环节由摄影交流(Photography Exchange)提供-摄影交流-Stack Exchange(社区驱动的Q＆A网站分组)的一个子部分。图片由美国佳能提供。
问题 (The Question)
Photography Exchange reader Mikal Sundberg is curious about the markings on his camera lens. He writes:
摄影交流读者Mikal Sundberg对他的相机镜头上的标记感到好奇。 他写：
Then looking at a lens name there is a lot of acronyms in the name describing it’s features (often specific to the manufacturer).
然后，在查看镜头名称时，会在名称中有很多首字母缩写词来描述其功能(通常特定于制造商)。 Examples, Nikon: Nikon AF-S DX 16-85mm VR f/3.5-5.6G IF-ED Nikon AF-I 600mm f/4D IF-ED Nikon AF-S VR Micro-NIKKOR 105mm f/2.8G IF-ED 尼康实例：尼康AF-S DX 16-85mm VR f / 3.5-5.6G IF-ED尼康AF-I 600mm f / 4D IF-ED尼康AF-S VR Micro-NIKKOR 105mm f / 2.8G IF-ED Examples, Canon: Canon EF 85mm f1.2L USM Mark II Canon 70-300mm f/4.5-f/5.6 DO IS 佳能示例：佳能EF 85mm f1.2L USM Mark II佳能70-300mm f / 4.5-f / 5.6 DO IS Examples, Sigma: Sigma 150mm F2.8 EX APO DG HSM Macro Sigma 70-200mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM Sigma 50-150mm F2.8 EX DC APO HSM II 例如Sigma： Sigma 150mm F2.8 EX APO DG HSM Macro Sigma 70-200mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM Sigma 50-150mm F2.8 EX DC APO HSM II
How do I decipher the lens names from different manufacturers?
如何解密不同制造商的镜头名称？
So what kind of decoder ring do you need to make sense of the code?
那么，您需要哪种解码器环才能理解代码？
答案 (The Answers)
Photography Exchange contributor Jrista offers up a very comprehensive answer. We won’t judge you if you skim through his expansive write up until you find your specific brand of camera equipment.
摄影交流撰稿人Jrista提供了一个非常全面的答案。 在您找到特定品牌的摄像设备之前，我们不会判断您是否浏览了他的大量文章。
品牌镜片 (Brand Lenses)
Most major camera manufacturers offer their own line of lenses. Such lenses tend to follow the most stringent quality guidelines, and often come with a price premium.
大多数主要的相机制造商都提供自己的镜头系列。 这样的镜片倾向于遵循最严格的质量准则，并且通常带有价格优势。
佳能镜头 (Canon Lenses)
Canon lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:
佳能镜头使用以下术语表示每个镜头的功能：
Common 共同 Common 共同
XYZmm: Focal length XYZmm：焦距
f/x.y: Maximum aperture f / xy：最大光圈
Focus/Mount Type 对焦/安装类型 Focus/Mount Type 对焦/安装类型
TS-E: Tilt-Shift, Electronic aperture control TS-E：倾斜移位，电子光圈控制
EF: Electronic Focus EF：电子聚焦
EF-S: Short-Back Electronic Focus EF-S：短后电子对焦
EF-M: Mirrorless Electronic Focus EF-M：无反光镜电子对焦
TS: Tilt-Shift TS：倾斜移位 TS: Tilt-Shift TS：倾斜移位
MP-E: Macro-Photography, Electronic aperture control MP-E：宏观摄影，电子光圈控制
Nikon lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:
尼康镜头使用以下术语表示每个镜头的功能：
Common 共同 Common 共同
XYZmm: Focal length XYZmm：焦距
f/x.y: Maximum aperture f / xy：最大光圈
Lens System 镜头系统 Lens System 镜头系统
DX: Digital, Short Back DX：数字，短背
FX: Full Frame (film or digital) FX：全画幅(胶片或数码)
Lens Mount 镜头座 Lens Mount 镜头座
AI: Automatic Indexing mount (includes metering sensor) AI：自动分度安装座(包括计量传感器)
AI-S: Improved Automatic Indexing mount AI-S：改进的自动索引安装
IX: Lenses designed specially for APS film SLR-s; their rear end protrudes too much to allow using them on a 35mm film camera or a dSLR IX：专门为APS胶片SLR-s设计的镜头； 它们的后端突出太多，无法在35mm胶片相机或dSLR上使用
Serie E A cheaper serie of AI-S where plastic replaced some metal parts. Not designated as Nikkor but “Nikon Lense Serie E” 意甲(Serie E)一种便宜的AI-S意甲，用塑料代替了一些金属零件。 未指定为Nikkor，而是“ Nikon Lense Serie E”
Focusing System 调焦系统 Focusing System 调焦系统
AF: Auto Focus, built into camera AF：自动对焦，内置于相机中
AF-S: Auto-Focus Silent (Silent Wave Motor, required for bodies without focus motor) AF-S：自动对焦静音(无声马达，无聚焦马达的机身需要)
D: Distance, communicates focus distance for 3D Matrix metering mode and also for flash autoexposure. All AF-I, AF-S, and G-type lenses are also D-type. (Indicated after the f-number in the name, sometimes designated as AF-D). D：距离，传达3D矩阵测光模式以及闪光灯自动曝光的对焦距离。 所有AF-I，AF-S和G型镜头也均为D型。 (在名称中的f编号后表示，有时也称为AF-D)。
Sony Alpha DT 18-250/3.5-6.3
索尼Alpha DT 18-250 / 3.5-6.3
Sony E 18-200/3.5-6.3 OSS
索尼E 18-200 / 3.5-6.3 OSS
Sony Alpha 100/2.8 Macro
索尼Alpha 100 / 2.8 Macro
品牌外镜头 (Off-Brand Lenses)
Many off-brand lens manufacturers make lenses that fit many types of bodies, including Canon, Nikon, etc.
许多品牌外的镜头制造商都生产适合多种机身的镜头，包括佳能，尼康等。
适马镜头 (Sigma Lenses)
Sigma lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens. They differ slightly in how they denote aperture:
Sigma镜头使用以下术语表示每个镜头的功能。 它们在表示光圈的方式上略有不同：
Common 共同 Common 共同
XYZmm: Focal length XYZmm：焦距
Fx.y: Maximum aperture Fx.y：最大光圈
Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌 Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌
APO: Aphochromatic (low-dispersion) lens element APO：消色差(低色散)透镜元件
OS: Optical Stabilizer 操作系统：光学稳定剂
RF: Rear focusing RF：后对焦
IF: Inner focusing IF：内心专注
CONV: Teleconverter compatible (APO Teleconverter EX), not usually part of the lens name but mentioned in the product description CONV：兼容增距镜(APO Teleconverter EX)，通常不是镜头名称的一部分，但在产品说明中已提及
EX: Professional lens body finishing and construction EX：专业的镜身整理和施工
Macro: close focusing, but not necessarily 1:1 magnification 微距：近距离对焦，但不一定是1：1放大
Examples 例子
Sigma 18-250mm f/3.5-6.3 DC OS HSM
适马18-250mm f / 3.5-6.3 DC OS HSM
Sigma 150-500mm f/5-6.3 DG OS HSM
适马150-500mm f / 5-6.3 DG OS HSM
Sigma 50mm f/1.4 EX DG HSM
适马50mm f / 1.4 EX DG HSM
Sigma 105mm f/2.8 EX DG Macro
适马105mm f / 2.8 EX DG Macro
腾龙镜头 (Tamron Lenses)
Tamron lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens. Tamron offers a considerable degree of functional features and lens types, particularly lens types that affect chromatic aberration:
腾龙镜头使用以下术语表示每个镜头的功能。 腾龙提供了相当多的功能和镜头类型，尤其是会影响色差的镜头类型：
Common 共同 Common 共同
XYZmm: Focal length XYZmm：焦距
F/x.y: Maximum aperture F / xy：最大光圈
AF: Auto-Focus AF：自动对焦
Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌 Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌
LAH: LD + ASL hybrid lens element LAH： LD + ASL混合镜头元件
AD: Anomalous Dispersion (improved control over chromatic aberration) AD：异常色散(改善了对色差的控制)
ADH: AD + ASL hybrid lens element ADH： AD + ASL混合镜头元件
HID: High Index, High Dispersion Glass (minimizes lateral chromatic aberration) HID：高折射率，高色散玻璃(最小化横向色差)
Lens Elements 镜片元素 Lens Elements 镜片元素
Functional Features 功能特点 Functional Features 功能特点
Examples 例子
Tamron SP AF17-35MM F/2.8-4 Di LD Aspherical (IF)
腾龙SP AF17-35MM F / 2.8-4 Di LD Aspherical(IF)
Tamron AF18-200mm F/3.5-6.3 XR Di II LD Aspherical (IF)
腾龙AF18-200mm F / 3.5-6.3 XR Di II LD非球面(IF)
Tamron SP AF180mm F/3.5 Di LD (IF) 1:1 Macro
腾龙SP AF180mm F / 3.5 Di LD(IF)1：1 Macro
托基纳镜片 (Tokina Lenses)
Tokina lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:
Tokina镜片使用以下术语表示每个镜片的功能：
Common 共同 Common 共同
VW~XYZmm: Focal length VW〜XYZmm：焦距
f/x.y: Maximum aperture f / xy：最大光圈
AF: Auto-Focus AF：自动对焦
Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌 Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌
Nikon
尼康
Canon
佳能
Minolta/Sony
美能达/索尼
Pentax
宾得
Features 特征 Features 特征
AT-X Pro professional line (primes and constant aperture zooms) AT-X Pro专业线(素色和恒定光圈变焦)
AT-X consumer line (variable aperture zooms) AT-X消费类产品线(可变光圈变焦)
AS: Aspherical Optics AS：非球面光学
F&R: Advanced Aspherical Optics F＆R：先进的非球面光学
SD: Super Low Dispersion SD：超低色散
HLD: High-Refraction, Low Dispersion HLD：高折射，低色散
MC: Multi-Coating MC：多涂层
FE: Floating Element System FE：浮动元素系统
IF: Internal Focus System IF：内部重点系统
IRF: Internal Rear Focus System IRF：内部后对焦系统
FC: Focus Clutch Mechanism (allows switching between auto & manual focus) FC：聚焦离合器机构(允许在自动和手动聚焦之间切换)
One Touch FC: One-Touch Focus Clutch Mechanism 一键式FC：一键式聚焦离合器机构
FX: Full frame 效果：全画幅
DX: Digital (cropped frame) DX：数码(剪裁框)
三养镜片(Samyang Lenses)
Samyang (also sold as Pro-Optic, Rokinon, Bower) lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:
Samyang(也以Pro-Optic，Rokinon和Bower出售)镜片使用以下术语表示每个镜片的功能：
Common 共同 Common 共同
XYZ mm: Focal length XYZ mm：焦距
f/x.y: Maximum aperture f / xy：最大光圈
Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌 Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌
Nikon
尼康
Canon
佳能
Minolta/Sony
美能达/索尼
Pentax/Samsung
宾得/三星
Olympus
奥林巴斯
Panasonic
松下
Features 特征 Features 特征
AE: contains electronic chip to allow Automatic Exposure and iTTL flash metering on a Nikon body AE：包含电子芯片，可以在尼康机身上进行自动曝光和iTTL闪光测光
MFT: designed for Micro Four Thirds systems MFT：专为微型四分之三系统设计
CS VG10 – custom design for Sony Nex-VG10 CS VG10 –索尼Nex-VG10的定制设计
Preset: Aperture preset (so you can quickly flick aperture ring between maximum aperture for focusing and desired aperture for shooting; there’s no aperture linkage on a preset lens) 预设：光圈预设(因此，您可以在最大对焦光圈和所需拍摄光圈之间快速滑动光圈环；预设镜头上没有光圈联动装置)
Samyang AE 14 mm f/2.8 ED AS IF UMC
三养AE 14 mm f / 2.8 ED AS IF UMC
Samyang 35 mm f/1.4 AS UMC
三阳35 mm f / 1.4 AS UMC
Pro-Optic AE 85 mm f/1.4 Aspherical IF
光学AE 85毫米f / 1.4非球面IF
If you’re scratching your head now because you’ve learned the term but you don’t know what it means, another Photography Exchange user Hamish Downer is here to help:
如果您由于已经学过该术语而现在抓挠自己，但您不知道它的含义，那么另一个摄影交流用户Hamish Downer可以为您提供帮助：
The top answer covers the decoding of the letters very well. I thought I might add a few comments as to what some of the features actually mean in terms of consequences of the features (it took me a while to work out what some of them meant).
最佳答案很好地涵盖了字母的解码。 我想我可能会针对一些功能在功能后果方面的含义添加一些评论(花了我一段时间才弄清楚其中的某些含义)。
镜头仅适用于缩框数码单反相机 (Lenses only for reduced frame DSLRs)
Most low to mid range DSLRs have a sensor that is smaller than a 35mm film frame – sometimes called “reduced frame” or “cropped sensor”. So using a “full frame” lens will mean lots of extra light around the sensor that isn’t used. You can makes lenses smaller and lighter by reducing the projected image size to fit the sensor size. However using these lenses on a full frame camera would result in the corners of the image being dark – and mostly these lenses won’t fit on a full frame camera.
大多数中低端数码单反相机都具有小于35mm胶卷镜框的传感器-有时称为“缩小镜框”或“裁剪传感器”。 因此，使用“全画幅”镜头将意味着传感器周围有大量多余的光未被使用。 通过缩小投影图像尺寸以适合传感器尺寸，可以使镜头更小，更轻。 但是，在全画幅相机上使用这些镜头会导致图像的角落变暗-而且大多数这些镜头不适合在全画幅相机上使用。
The “less than full frame” codes are:
“小于全帧”代码是：
Canon: EF-S (EF for full frame)
佳能： EF-S (全画幅EF)
Nikon: DX (FX for full frame)
尼康： DX (FX为全画幅)
Pentax: DA (FA or D FA for full frame)
宾得： DA (全画幅为FA或D FA)
Sigma: DC (DG for full frame)
Sigma： DC (全画幅DG)
Sony/Minolta: DT
索尼/美能达： DT
Tamron: Di II (Di for full frame)
腾龙： Di II (Di为全画幅)
影像稳定/减震 (Image Stabilisation/Vibration Reduction)
Image Stabilisation is also called Optical Stabilisation, Optical Image Stabilisation, Optical Steady Shot, Vibration Compensation and Vibration Reduction. Does what it says on the tin basically. (Although note that some DSLR bodies have a form of vibration reduction in the body and so don’t need it in the lens).
图像稳定也称为光学稳定，光学图像稳定，光学稳定拍摄，振动补偿和减震。 基本上按锡说。 (尽管请注意，某些DSLR机身在机身上具有减震的形式，因此不需要在镜头中使用)。
Canon: IS
佳能： IS
Nikon: VR
尼康： VR
Panasonic: OIS
松下： OIS
Sigma: OS
Sigma：操作系统
Sony/Minolta: OSS
索尼/美能达： OSS
Tamron: VC
腾龙： VC
快速安静的聚焦马达 (Fast and Quiet Focussing Motors)
The focussing motors in some lower end lenses can be quite noisy. The higher end lenses are able to focus more quickly (the movements can be more accurately controlled) and are quieter and use less battery. The acronym for it usually includes “Sonic”:
一些较低端镜头中的聚焦马达可能会非常嘈杂。 较高端的镜头能够更快地对焦(可以更精确地控制运动)，并且更安静并且消耗更少的电池。 它的首字母缩写通常包括“ Sonic”：
Sony/Minolta: SSM Super-Sonic Motor
索尼/美能达： SSM超音速电动机
Tamron: USD Ultrasonic Silent Drive
腾龙：美元超声波静音驱动器
镜头功能(Lens Features)
There are a variety of lens features to reduce chromatic abberations (where different colours don’t exactly converge) and other imperfections in lens performance. In particular
镜头具有多种功能，可减少色差(不同的颜色不能完全融合)和镜头性能的其他缺陷。 特别是
aspherical lens elements have a more complex surface profile that can reduce or eliminate spherical aberration and also reduce other optical aberrations compared to a simple lens.
与简单透镜相比，非球面透镜元件具有更复杂的表面轮廓，可以减少或消除球面像差，还可以减少其他光学像差。
low dispersion glass means that there is a relatively small difference in the amount different colours bend while going through the glass (technically the refractive index does not vary so much with wavelength), which reduces chromatic aberration. 低色散玻璃意味着穿过玻璃时不同颜色的弯曲量存在相对较小的差异(技术上折射率不会随波长变化太大)，从而降低了色差。
apochromatic lens elements are very good at reducing chromatic aberration – they are generally made up of three different materials stuck together. 复消色差透镜元件在降低色差方面非常出色–它们通常由粘在一起的三种不同材料组成。
Canon: DO Diffractive Optics
佳能： DO衍射光学
Nikon: ED Extra-low Dispersion Glass, ASP Aspherical Lens Element
尼康： ED超低色散玻璃， ASP非球面镜片
Olympus/Zuiko: ED Extra-low dispersion glass
奥林巴斯/ Zuiko： ED超低色散玻璃
Pentax: ED Extra-low dispersion glass, AL Aspherical Lens Element
宾得： ED超低色散玻璃， AL非球面镜片
Sigma: ASP Aspherical lens element, APO Aphochromatic (low-dispersion) lens element
Sigma： ASP非球面镜片， APO消色差(低色散)镜片
Sony/Minolta: AD Anomalous Dispersion, APO Apochromatic correction using AD elements, HS-APOHigh-Speed APO
Sony / Minolta： AD异常色散，使用AD元素进行APO复消色差校正， HS-APO高速APO
Tamron: Aspherical or ASL aspherical lens element, AD Anomalous Dispersion, ADH AD + ASL hybrid lens element, HID High Index, High Dispersion Glass, LD Low Dispersion, LAH LD + ASL hybrid lens element, XLD Extra Low Dispersion, XR Extra Refractive Index Glass
腾龙：非球面或ASL非球面镜片， AD异常色散， ADH AD + ASL混合镜片， HID高折射率，高色散玻璃， LD低色散， LAH LD + ASL混合镜片， XLD超低色散， XR超折射率玻璃
There are a variety of lens coatings used to reduce internal reflections and other possible problems. Internal reflections can end up producing ghost images or adding to lens flare. Not all lens manufacturers specify the lens coatings they use.
有多种用于减少内部反射和其他可能问题的镜片涂层。 内部反射会最终产生重影或增加镜头光晕。 并非所有镜片制造商都指定他们使用的镜片涂层。
Nikon: NIC Nikon Integrated Coating, SIC Super Integrated Coating
尼康： NIC尼康集成涂层， SIC超级集成涂层
Pentax: SMC Super Multi Coating
宾得： SMC Super Multi Coating
Sony/Minolta: T High-performance Coating
索尼/美能达： T高性能涂层
Tokina: MC Multi-Coating
Tokina： MC多涂层
Yashica: DSB Single-Coating, ML (later MC) Multi-Layer (later Multi-coating)
Yashica： DSB单涂层， ML (后来的MC )多层(后来的多层涂层)
巨集 (Macro)
Macro lenses can focus very close to the end of the lens, providing (at least) a 1:1 ratio between the size of the object and the size of the image on the sensor. In plain english, you can take very close up shots of flowers, insects and so on. They are just called Macro (or occasionally Micro), making life easy for once.
微距镜头可以非常靠近镜头的末端聚焦，从而在物体的尺寸和传感器上图像的尺寸之间提供(至少)1：1的比例。 用普通的英语，您可以非常近距离地拍摄花朵，昆虫等的照片。 它们被称为Macro (有时称为Micro )，使生活一次变得轻松。
专注 (Focusing)
This includes Internal/Inner Focusing (IF) and (Internal) Rear Focusing (RF or IRF). Both of these reduce the number of individual lenses moving inside the lens. They also mean that the front of the lens will not move in or out, or rotate, during focusing. The lack of rotation can be important if, say, you have a circular polarizing filter, or a graded ND filter fitted to the lens. And the front not moving in or out can be important if the lens is very close to the subject.
这包括内部/内部聚焦( IF )和(内部)后聚焦( RF或IRF )。 这两者都减少了在透镜内部移动的单个透镜的数量。 它们还意味着在聚焦过程中，镜头的前部不会移入或移出或旋转。 例如，如果您在镜头上装有圆偏光滤镜或渐变ND滤镜，则不旋转的问题就很重要。 如果镜头离拍摄对象很近，则正面不向内或向外移动可能很重要。
高端镜片 (High End Lenses)
Some manufacturers have a code to indicate their high end lenses:
一些制造商有一个代码来指示其高端镜片：
Canon: L Luxury
佳能： L Luxury
Pentax: * and Limited
宾得：*和限量
Sigma: EX Professional EXternal lens body finishing
适马： EX Professional外置镜头镜身
Sony: G Gold Series
索尼： G金系列
Tamron: SP Super Performance
腾龙： SP超级性能
杂(Miscellaneous)
Other codes might indicate the mount type (which will indicate whether it will fit your body), whether it will work with a Teleconverter or whether the lens needs the camera body to provide the motor for auto-focussing.
其他代码可能会指示安装类型(将指示其是否适合您的身体)，它是否可以与增距镜一起使用或镜头是否需要相机机身为自动对焦提供马达。 Note that I’m not an expert at this and am happy to integrate clarifications left in comments. 请注意，我不是专家，很乐意整合评论中留下的说明。
Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here. 有什么补充说明吗？在评论中听起来不对。是否想从其他精通Stack Exchange的用户那里获得更多答案？在此处查看完整的讨论线程。
A quick peek at the barrel of your camera’s lens reveals a jungle of letters, numbers, and acronyms. What exactly do they all mean and how can you translate the codes into useful information?
快速浏览一下相机镜头的镜筒，就会发现字母，数字和首字母缩写的丛林。 它们到底意味着什么，您又如何将代码转换为有用的信息？ Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of Photography Exchange—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites. Image courtesy of Canon, USA. 今天的问答环节由摄影交流(Photography Exchange)提供-摄影交流-Stack Exchange(社区驱动的Q＆A网站分组)的一个子部分。图片由美国佳能提供。
问题 (The Question)
Photography Exchange reader Mikal Sundberg is curious about the markings on his camera lens. He writes:
摄影交流读者Mikal Sundberg对他的相机镜头上的标记感到好奇。 他写：
Then looking at a lens name there is a lot of acronyms in the name describing it’s features (often specific to the manufacturer).
然后，在查看镜头名称时，会在名称中有很多首字母缩写词来描述其功能(通常特定于制造商)。 Examples, Nikon: Nikon AF-S DX 16-85mm VR f/3.5-5.6G IF-ED Nikon AF-I 600mm f/4D IF-ED Nikon AF-S VR Micro-NIKKOR 105mm f/2.8G IF-ED 尼康实例：尼康AF-S DX 16-85mm VR f / 3.5-5.6G IF-ED尼康AF-I 600mm f / 4D IF-ED尼康AF-S VR Micro-NIKKOR 105mm f / 2.8G IF-ED Examples, Canon: Canon EF 85mm f1.2L USM Mark II Canon 70-300mm f/4.5-f/5.6 DO IS 佳能示例：佳能EF 85mm f1.2L USM Mark II佳能70-300mm f / 4.5-f / 5.6 DO IS Examples, Sigma: Sigma 150mm F2.8 EX APO DG HSM Macro Sigma 70-200mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM Sigma 50-150mm F2.8 EX DC APO HSM II 例如Sigma： Sigma 150mm F2.8 EX APO DG HSM Macro Sigma 70-200mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM Sigma 50-150mm F2.8 EX DC APO HSM II
How do I decipher the lens names from different manufacturers?
如何解密不同制造商的镜头名称？
So what kind of decoder ring do you need to make sense of the code?
那么，您需要哪种解码器环才能理解代码？
答案 (The Answers)
Photography Exchange contributor Jrista offers up a very comprehensive answer. We won’t judge you if you skim through his expansive write up until you find your specific brand of camera equipment.
摄影交流撰稿人Jrista提供了一个非常全面的答案。 在您找到特定品牌的摄像设备之前，我们不会判断您是否浏览了他的大量文章。
品牌镜片 (Brand Lenses)
Most major camera manufacturers offer their own line of lenses. Such lenses tend to follow the most stringent quality guidelines, and often come with a price premium.
大多数主要的相机制造商都提供自己的镜头系列。 这样的镜片倾向于遵循最严格的质量准则，并且通常带有价格优势。
佳能镜头 (Canon Lenses)
Canon lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:
佳能镜头使用以下术语表示每个镜头的功能：
Common 共同 Common 共同
XYZmm: Focal length XYZmm：焦距
f/x.y: Maximum aperture f / xy：最大光圈
Focus/Mount Type 对焦/安装类型 Focus/Mount Type 对焦/安装类型
TS-E: Tilt-Shift, Electronic aperture control TS-E：倾斜移位，电子光圈控制
EF: Electronic Focus EF：电子聚焦
EF-S: Short-Back Electronic Focus EF-S：短后电子对焦
EF-M: Mirrorless Electronic Focus EF-M：无反光镜电子对焦
TS: Tilt-Shift TS：倾斜移位 TS: Tilt-Shift TS：倾斜移位
MP-E: Macro-Photography, Electronic aperture control MP-E：宏观摄影，电子光圈控制
Nikon lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:
尼康镜头使用以下术语表示每个镜头的功能：
Common 共同 Common 共同
XYZmm: Focal length XYZmm：焦距
f/x.y: Maximum aperture f / xy：最大光圈
Lens System 镜头系统 Lens System 镜头系统
DX: Digital, Short Back DX：数字，短背
FX: Full Frame (film or digital) FX：全画幅(胶片或数码)
Lens Mount 镜头座 Lens Mount 镜头座
AI: Automatic Indexing mount (includes metering sensor) AI：自动分度安装座(包括计量传感器)
AI-S: Improved Automatic Indexing mount AI-S：改进的自动索引安装
IX: Lenses designed specially for APS film SLR-s; their rear end protrudes too much to allow using them on a 35mm film camera or a dSLR IX：专门为APS胶片SLR-s设计的镜头； 它们的后端突出太多，无法在35mm胶片相机或dSLR上使用
Serie E A cheaper serie of AI-S where plastic replaced some metal parts. Not designated as Nikkor but “Nikon Lense Serie E” 意甲(Serie E)一种便宜的AI-S意甲，用塑料代替了一些金属零件。 未指定为Nikkor，而是“ Nikon Lense Serie E”
Focusing System 调焦系统 Focusing System 调焦系统
AF: Auto Focus, built into camera AF：自动对焦，内置于相机中
AF-S: Auto-Focus Silent (Silent Wave Motor, required for bodies without focus motor) AF-S：自动对焦静音(无声马达，无聚焦马达的机身需要)
D: Distance, communicates focus distance for 3D Matrix metering mode and also for flash autoexposure. All AF-I, AF-S, and G-type lenses are also D-type. (Indicated after the f-number in the name, sometimes designated as AF-D). D：距离，传达3D矩阵测光模式以及闪光灯自动曝光的对焦距离。 所有AF-I，AF-S和G型镜头也均为D型。 (在名称中的f编号后表示，有时也称为AF-D)。
Sony Alpha DT 18-250/3.5-6.3
索尼Alpha DT 18-250 / 3.5-6.3
Sony E 18-200/3.5-6.3 OSS
索尼E 18-200 / 3.5-6.3 OSS
Sony Alpha 100/2.8 Macro
索尼Alpha 100 / 2.8 Macro
品牌外镜头 (Off-Brand Lenses)
Many off-brand lens manufacturers make lenses that fit many types of bodies, including Canon, Nikon, etc.
许多品牌外的镜头制造商都生产适合多种机身的镜头，包括佳能，尼康等。
适马镜头 (Sigma Lenses)
Sigma lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens. They differ slightly in how they denote aperture:
Sigma镜头使用以下术语表示每个镜头的功能。 它们在表示光圈的方式上略有不同：
Common 共同 Common 共同
XYZmm: Focal length XYZmm：焦距
Fx.y: Maximum aperture Fx.y：最大光圈
Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌 Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌
APO: Aphochromatic (low-dispersion) lens element APO：消色差(低色散)透镜元件
OS: Optical Stabilizer 操作系统：光学稳定剂
RF: Rear focusing RF：后对焦
IF: Inner focusing IF：内心专注
CONV: Teleconverter compatible (APO Teleconverter EX), not usually part of the lens name but mentioned in the product description CONV：兼容增距镜(APO Teleconverter EX)，通常不是镜头名称的一部分，但在产品说明中已提及
EX: Professional lens body finishing and construction EX：专业的镜身整理和施工
Macro: close focusing, but not necessarily 1:1 magnification 微距：近距离对焦，但不一定是1：1放大
Examples 例子
Sigma 18-250mm f/3.5-6.3 DC OS HSM
适马18-250mm f / 3.5-6.3 DC OS HSM
Sigma 150-500mm f/5-6.3 DG OS HSM
适马150-500mm f / 5-6.3 DG OS HSM
Sigma 50mm f/1.4 EX DG HSM
适马50mm f / 1.4 EX DG HSM
Sigma 105mm f/2.8 EX DG Macro
适马105mm f / 2.8 EX DG Macro
腾龙镜头 (Tamron Lenses)
Tamron lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens. Tamron offers a considerable degree of functional features and lens types, particularly lens types that affect chromatic aberration:
腾龙镜头使用以下术语表示每个镜头的功能。 腾龙提供了相当多的功能和镜头类型，尤其是会影响色差的镜头类型：
Common 共同 Common 共同
XYZmm: Focal length XYZmm：焦距
F/x.y: Maximum aperture F / xy：最大光圈
AF: Auto-Focus AF：自动对焦
Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌 Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌
LAH: LD + ASL hybrid lens element LAH： LD + ASL混合镜头元件
AD: Anomalous Dispersion (improved control over chromatic aberration) AD：异常色散(改善了对色差的控制)
ADH: AD + ASL hybrid lens element ADH： AD + ASL混合镜头元件
HID: High Index, High Dispersion Glass (minimizes lateral chromatic aberration) HID：高折射率，高色散玻璃(最小化横向色差)
Lens Elements 镜片元素 Lens Elements 镜片元素
Functional Features 功能特点 Functional Features 功能特点
Examples 例子
Tamron SP AF17-35MM F/2.8-4 Di LD Aspherical (IF)
腾龙SP AF17-35MM F / 2.8-4 Di LD Aspherical(IF)
Tamron AF18-200mm F/3.5-6.3 XR Di II LD Aspherical (IF)
腾龙AF18-200mm F / 3.5-6.3 XR Di II LD非球面(IF)
Tamron SP AF180mm F/3.5 Di LD (IF) 1:1 Macro
腾龙SP AF180mm F / 3.5 Di LD(IF)1：1 Macro
托基纳镜片 (Tokina Lenses)
Tokina lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:
Tokina镜片使用以下术语表示每个镜片的功能：
Common 共同 Common 共同
VW~XYZmm: Focal length VW〜XYZmm：焦距
f/x.y: Maximum aperture f / xy：最大光圈
AF: Auto-Focus AF：自动对焦
Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌 Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌
Nikon
尼康
Canon
佳能
Minolta/Sony
美能达/索尼
Pentax
宾得
Features 特征 Features 特征
AT-X Pro professional line (primes and constant aperture zooms) AT-X Pro专业线(素色和恒定光圈变焦)
AT-X consumer line (variable aperture zooms) AT-X消费类产品线(可变光圈变焦)
AS: Aspherical Optics AS：非球面光学
F&R: Advanced Aspherical Optics F＆R：先进的非球面光学
SD: Super Low Dispersion SD：超低色散
HLD: High-Refraction, Low Dispersion HLD：高折射，低色散
MC: Multi-Coating MC：多涂层
FE: Floating Element System FE：浮动元素系统
IF: Internal Focus System IF：内部重点系统
IRF: Internal Rear Focus System IRF：内部后对焦系统
FC: Focus Clutch Mechanism (allows switching between auto & manual focus) FC：聚焦离合器机构(允许在自动和手动聚焦之间切换)
One Touch FC: One-Touch Focus Clutch Mechanism 一键式FC：一键式聚焦离合器机构
FX: Full frame 效果：全画幅
DX: Digital (cropped frame) DX：数码(剪裁框)
三养镜片(Samyang Lenses)
Samyang (also sold as Pro-Optic, Rokinon, Bower) lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:
Samyang(也以Pro-Optic，Rokinon和Bower出售)镜片使用以下术语表示每个镜片的功能：
Common 共同 Common 共同
XYZ mm: Focal length XYZ mm：焦距
f/x.y: Maximum aperture f / xy：最大光圈
Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌 Compatible Body Brands 兼容的车身品牌
Nikon
尼康
Canon
佳能
Minolta/Sony
美能达/索尼
Pentax/Samsung
宾得/三星
Olympus
奥林巴斯
Panasonic
松下
Features 特征 Features 特征
AE: contains electronic chip to allow Automatic Exposure and iTTL flash metering on a Nikon body AE：包含电子芯片，可以在尼康机身上进行自动曝光和iTTL闪光测光
MFT: designed for Micro Four Thirds systems MFT：专为微型四分之三系统设计
CS VG10 – custom design for Sony Nex-VG10 CS VG10 –索尼Nex-VG10的定制设计
Preset: Aperture preset (so you can quickly flick aperture ring between maximum aperture for focusing and desired aperture for shooting; there’s no aperture linkage on a preset lens) 预设：光圈预设(因此，您可以在最大对焦光圈和所需拍摄光圈之间快速滑动光圈环；预设镜头上没有光圈联动装置)
Samyang AE 14 mm f/2.8 ED AS IF UMC
三养AE 14 mm f / 2.8 ED AS IF UMC
Samyang 35 mm f/1.4 AS UMC
三阳35 mm f / 1.4 AS UMC
Pro-Optic AE 85 mm f/1.4 Aspherical IF
光学AE 85毫米f / 1.4非球面IF
If you’re scratching your head now because you’ve learned the term but you don’t know what it means, another Photography Exchange user Hamish Downer is here to help:
如果您由于已经学过该术语而现在抓挠自己，但您不知道它的含义，那么另一个摄影交流用户Hamish Downer可以为您提供帮助：
The top answer covers the decoding of the letters very well. I thought I might add a few comments as to what some of the features actually mean in terms of consequences of the features (it took me a while to work out what some of them meant).
最佳答案很好地涵盖了字母的解码。 我想我可能会针对一些功能在功能后果方面的含义添加一些评论(花了我一段时间才弄清楚其中的某些含义)。
镜头仅适用于缩框数码单反相机 (Lenses only for reduced frame DSLRs)
Most low to mid range DSLRs have a sensor that is smaller than a 35mm film frame – sometimes called “reduced frame” or “cropped sensor”. So using a “full frame” lens will mean lots of extra light around the sensor that isn’t used. You can makes lenses smaller and lighter by reducing the projected image size to fit the sensor size. However using these lenses on a full frame camera would result in the corners of the image being dark – and mostly these lenses won’t fit on a full frame camera.
大多数中低端数码单反相机都具有小于35mm胶卷镜框的传感器-有时称为“缩小镜框”或“裁剪传感器”。 因此，使用“全画幅”镜头将意味着传感器周围有大量多余的光未被使用。 通过缩小投影图像尺寸以适合传感器尺寸，可以使镜头更小，更轻。 但是，在全画幅相机上使用这些镜头会导致图像的角落变暗-而且大多数这些镜头不适合在全画幅相机上使用。
The “less than full frame” codes are:
“小于全帧”代码是：
Canon: EF-S (EF for full frame)
佳能： EF-S (全画幅EF)
Nikon: DX (FX for full frame)
尼康： DX (FX为全画幅)
Pentax: DA (FA or D FA for full frame)
宾得： DA (全画幅为FA或D FA)
Sigma: DC (DG for full frame)
Sigma： DC (全画幅DG)
Sony/Minolta: DT
索尼/美能达： DT
Tamron: Di II (Di for full frame)
腾龙： Di II (Di为全画幅)
影像稳定/减震 (Image Stabilisation/Vibration Reduction)
Image Stabilisation is also called Optical Stabilisation, Optical Image Stabilisation, Optical Steady Shot, Vibration Compensation and Vibration Reduction. Does what it says on the tin basically. (Although note that some DSLR bodies have a form of vibration reduction in the body and so don’t need it in the lens).
图像稳定也称为光学稳定，光学图像稳定，光学稳定拍摄，振动补偿和减震。 基本上按锡说。 (尽管请注意，某些DSLR机身在机身上具有减震的形式，因此不需要在镜头中使用)。
Canon: IS
佳能： IS
Nikon: VR
尼康： VR
Panasonic: OIS
松下： OIS
Sigma: OS
Sigma：操作系统
Sony/Minolta: OSS
索尼/美能达： OSS
Tamron: VC
腾龙： VC
快速安静的聚焦马达 (Fast and Quiet Focussing Motors)
The focussing motors in some lower end lenses can be quite noisy. The higher end lenses are able to focus more quickly (the movements can be more accurately controlled) and are quieter and use less battery. The acronym for it usually includes “Sonic”:
一些较低端镜头中的聚焦马达可能会非常嘈杂。 较高端的镜头能够更快地对焦(可以更精确地控制运动)，并且更安静并且消耗更少的电池。 它的首字母缩写通常包括“ Sonic”：
Sony/Minolta: SSM Super-Sonic Motor
索尼/美能达： SSM超音速电动机
Tamron: USD Ultrasonic Silent Drive
腾龙：美元超声波静音驱动器
镜头功能(Lens Features)
There are a variety of lens features to reduce chromatic abberations (where different colours don’t exactly converge) and other imperfections in lens performance. In particular
镜头具有多种功能，可减少色差(不同的颜色不能完全融合)和镜头性能的其他缺陷。 特别是
aspherical lens elements have a more complex surface profile that can reduce or eliminate spherical aberration and also reduce other optical aberrations compared to a simple lens.
与简单透镜相比，非球面透镜元件具有更复杂的表面轮廓，可以减少或消除球面像差，还可以减少其他光学像差。
low dispersion glass means that there is a relatively small difference in the amount different colours bend while going through the glass (technically the refractive index does not vary so much with wavelength), which reduces chromatic aberration. 低色散玻璃意味着穿过玻璃时不同颜色的弯曲量存在相对较小的差异(技术上折射率不会随波长变化太大)，从而降低了色差。
apochromatic lens elements are very good at reducing chromatic aberration – they are generally made up of three different materials stuck together. 复消色差透镜元件在降低色差方面非常出色–它们通常由粘在一起的三种不同材料组成。
Canon: DO Diffractive Optics
佳能： DO衍射光学
Nikon: ED Extra-low Dispersion Glass, ASP Aspherical Lens Element
尼康： ED超低色散玻璃， ASP非球面镜片
Olympus/Zuiko: ED Extra-low dispersion glass
奥林巴斯/ Zuiko： ED超低色散玻璃
Pentax: ED Extra-low dispersion glass, AL Aspherical Lens Element
宾得： ED超低色散玻璃， AL非球面镜片
Sigma: ASP Aspherical lens element, APO Aphochromatic (low-dispersion) lens element
Sigma： ASP非球面镜片， APO消色差(低色散)镜片
Sony/Minolta: AD Anomalous Dispersion, APO Apochromatic correction using AD elements, HS-APOHigh-Speed APO
Sony / Minolta： AD异常色散，使用AD元素进行APO复消色差校正， HS-APO高速APO
Tamron: Aspherical or ASL aspherical lens element, AD Anomalous Dispersion, ADH AD + ASL hybrid lens element, HID High Index, High Dispersion Glass, LD Low Dispersion, LAH LD + ASL hybrid lens element, XLD Extra Low Dispersion, XR Extra Refractive Index Glass
腾龙：非球面或ASL非球面镜片， AD异常色散， ADH AD + ASL混合镜片， HID高折射率，高色散玻璃， LD低色散， LAH LD + ASL混合镜片， XLD超低色散， XR超折射率玻璃
There are a variety of lens coatings used to reduce internal reflections and other possible problems. Internal reflections can end up producing ghost images or adding to lens flare. Not all lens manufacturers specify the lens coatings they use.
有多种用于减少内部反射和其他可能问题的镜片涂层。 内部反射会最终产生重影或增加镜头光晕。 并非所有镜片制造商都指定他们使用的镜片涂层。
Nikon: NIC Nikon Integrated Coating, SIC Super Integrated Coating
尼康： NIC尼康集成涂层， SIC超级集成涂层
Pentax: SMC Super Multi Coating
宾得： SMC Super Multi Coating
Sony/Minolta: T High-performance Coating
索尼/美能达： T高性能涂层
Tokina: MC Multi-Coating
Tokina： MC多涂层
Yashica: DSB Single-Coating, ML (later MC) Multi-Layer (later Multi-coating)
Yashica： DSB单涂层， ML (后来的MC )多层(后来的多层涂层)
巨集 (Macro)
Macro lenses can focus very close to the end of the lens, providing (at least) a 1:1 ratio between the size of the object and the size of the image on the sensor. In plain english, you can take very close up shots of flowers, insects and so on. They are just called Macro (or occasionally Micro), making life easy for once.
微距镜头可以非常靠近镜头的末端聚焦，从而在物体的尺寸和传感器上图像的尺寸之间提供(至少)1：1的比例。 用普通的英语，您可以非常近距离地拍摄花朵，昆虫等的照片。 它们被称为Macro (有时称为Micro )，使生活一次变得轻松。
专注 (Focusing)
This includes Internal/Inner Focusing (IF) and (Internal) Rear Focusing (RF or IRF). Both of these reduce the number of individual lenses moving inside the lens. They also mean that the front of the lens will not move in or out, or rotate, during focusing. The lack of rotation can be important if, say, you have a circular polarizing filter, or a graded ND filter fitted to the lens. And the front not moving in or out can be important if the lens is very close to the subject.
这包括内部/内部聚焦( IF )和(内部)后聚焦( RF或IRF )。 这两者都减少了在透镜内部移动的单个透镜的数量。 它们还意味着在聚焦过程中，镜头的前部不会移入或移出或旋转。 例如，如果您在镜头上装有圆偏光滤镜或渐变ND滤镜，则不旋转的问题就很重要。 如果镜头离拍摄对象很近，则正面不向内或向外移动可能很重要。
高端镜片 (High End Lenses)
Some manufacturers have a code to indicate their high end lenses:
一些制造商有一个代码来指示其高端镜片：
Canon: L Luxury
佳能： L Luxury
Pentax: * and Limited
宾得：*和限量
Sigma: EX Professional EXternal lens body finishing
适马： EX Professional外置镜头镜身
Sony: G Gold Series
索尼： G金系列
Tamron: SP Super Performance
腾龙： SP超级性能
杂(Miscellaneous)
Other codes might indicate the mount type (which will indicate whether it will fit your body), whether it will work with a Teleconverter or whether the lens needs the camera body to provide the motor for auto-focussing.
其他代码可能会指示安装类型(将指示其是否适合您的身体)，它是否可以与增距镜一起使用或镜头是否需要相机机身为自动对焦提供马达。 Note that I’m not an expert at this and am happy to integrate clarifications left in comments. 请注意，我不是专家，很乐意整合评论中留下的说明。
Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here. 有什么补充说明吗？在评论中听起来不对。是否想从其他精通Stack Exchange的用户那里获得更多答案？在此处查看完整的讨论线程。
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