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stm32startup_启动文件详解
本文将详细根据代码,逐行解释启动文件。不想看代码的可以跳过,有总结性文字陈述。
2. 汇编基础
3. 启动代码讲解 3.1 栈初始化
; Tailor this value to your application needs ; ; ; Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400 ;400 是16进制的100kb, 设置栈大小为100kb AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3 ;AREA: STACK:栈的名字 NOINIT:不初始化 READWRITE:可读可写 ALIGN:对齐方式,表示按照2^3 = 8 字节对齐 Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size __initial_sp
首先是定义堆的大小是 0x200, 然后声明这段空间是:不初始化,可读可写,2^3=8字节对齐 ; ; ; Heap_Size EQU 0x00000200 ;EQU相当于c语言的#define 定义Heap_Size 等于 0x200 AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3 ;这是一段堆空间,不用初始话,可读可写,8字节对齐。 __heap_base ;堆的起始位置 Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size ;space是分配空间的意思, 分配大小是Heao_Size个大小 __heap_limit ;堆的终点位置 PRESERVE8 ;8字节对齐 THUMB ;兼容THUM8指令集 3.3 中断向量表的初始话 这一部分是中断的重头戏,
; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY EXPORT __Vectors EXPORT __Vectors_End EXPORT __Vectors_Size __Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler DCD MemManage_Handler ; MPU Fault Handler DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault Handler DCD UsageFault_Handler ; Usage Fault Handler ……………………保持文章简洁,这里删除少许。 DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler DCD 0 ; Reserved DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler ; External Interrupts DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window WatchDog DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detection ……………………保持文章简洁,这里删除少许。 DCD CRYP_IRQHandler ; CRYP crypto DCD HASH_RNG_IRQHandler ; Hash and Rng DCD FPU_IRQHandler ; FPU __Vectors_End __Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End - __Vectors AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY 3.4 复位程序 复位子程序是系统上电后第一个执行的程序,调用 SystemInit 函数初始化系统时钟,然后调用 C库函数_mian,最终调用 main 函数去到 C的世界。 ; Reset handler Reset_Handler PROC EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK] IMPORT SystemInit IMPORT __main LDR R0, =SystemInit BLX R0 LDR R0, =__main BX R0 ENDP
上图是汇编语言的注释SystemInit()是一个标准的库函数,在 system_STM32F4xx.c 这个库文件总定义。主要作 用是配置系统时钟, __main 是一个标准的 C库函数,主要作用是初始化用户堆栈,最终调用 main 函数去到 C 的世界。这就是为什么我们写的程序都有一个 main 函数的原因。如果我们在这里不调用__main,那么程序最终就不会调用我们 C文件里面的 main,如果是调皮的用户就可以 修改主函数的名称,然后在这里面 IMPORT 你写的主函数名称即可。 3.5 中断服务程序 在启动文件里面已经帮我们写好所有中断的中断服务函数,跟我们平时写的中断服务函数不一样的就是这些函数都是空的,真正的中断复服务程序需要我们在外部的 C文件里面重新实现,这里只是提前占了一个位置而已。
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4 . startup_stm32f40xx.s 源码
;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2015 STMicroelectronics ******************** ;* File Name : startup_stm32f40xx.s ;* Author : MCD Application Team ;* @version : V1.5.0 ;* @date : 06-March-2015 ;* Description : STM32F40xxx/41xxx devices vector table for MDK-ARM toolchain. ;* Same as startup_stm32f40_41xxx.s and maintained for legacy purpose ;* This module performs: ;* - Set the initial SP ;* - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler ;* - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address ;* - Configure the system clock and the external SRAM mounted on ;* STM324xG-EVAL board to be used as data memory (optional, ;* to be enabled by user) ;* - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually ;* calls main()). ;* After Reset the CortexM4 processor is in Thread mode, ;* priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main. ;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>> ;******************************************************************************* ; ; Licensed under MCD-ST Liberty SW License Agreement V2, (the "License"); ; You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. ; You may obtain a copy of the License at: ; ; http://www.st.com/software_license_agreement_liberty_v2 ; ; Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software ; distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, ; WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. ; See the License for the specific language governing permissions and ; limitations under the License. ; ;******************************************************************************* ; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack ; Tailor this value to your application needs ; ; ; Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400 AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3 Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size __initial_sp ; ; ; Heap_Size EQU 0x00000200 AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3 __heap_base Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size __heap_limit PRESERVE8 THUMB ; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY EXPORT __Vectors EXPORT __Vectors_End EXPORT __Vectors_Size __Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler DCD MemManage_Handler ; MPU Fault Handler DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault Handler DCD UsageFault_Handler ; Usage Fault Handler DCD 0 ; Reserved DCD 0 ; Reserved DCD 0 ; Reserved DCD 0 ; Reserved DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler DCD 0 ; Reserved DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler ; External Interrupts DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window WatchDog DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detection DCD TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler ; Tamper and TimeStamps through the EXTI line DCD RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler ; RTC Wakeup through the EXTI line DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; FLASH DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line0 DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line1 DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line2 DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line3 DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line4 DCD DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 0 DCD DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 1 DCD DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 2 DCD DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 3 DCD DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 4 DCD DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 5 DCD DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 6 DCD ADC_IRQHandler ; ADC1, ADC2 and ADC3s DCD CAN1_TX_IRQHandler ; CAN1 TX DCD CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX0 DCD CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX1 DCD CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN1 SCE DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ; External Line[9:5]s DCD TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break and TIM9 DCD TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update and TIM10 DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation and TIM11 DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2 DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3 DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4 DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Error DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1 DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2 DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1 DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2 DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3 DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; External Line[15:10]s DCD RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler ; RTC Alarm (A and B) through EXTI Line DCD OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler ; USB OTG FS Wakeup through EXTI line DCD TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Break and TIM12 DCD TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Update and TIM13 DCD TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation and TIM14 DCD TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Capture Compare DCD DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream7 DCD FSMC_IRQHandler ; FSMC DCD SDIO_IRQHandler ; SDIO DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ; TIM5 DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ; SPI3 DCD UART4_IRQHandler ; UART4 DCD UART5_IRQHandler ; UART5 DCD TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler ; TIM6 and DAC1&2 underrun errors DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ; TIM7 DCD DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 0 DCD DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 1 DCD DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 2 DCD DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 3 DCD DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 4 DCD ETH_IRQHandler ; Ethernet DCD ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler ; Ethernet Wakeup through EXTI line DCD CAN2_TX_IRQHandler ; CAN2 TX DCD CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler ; CAN2 RX0 DCD CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN2 RX1 DCD CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN2 SCE DCD OTG_FS_IRQHandler ; USB OTG FS DCD DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 5 DCD DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 6 DCD DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 7 DCD USART6_IRQHandler ; USART6 DCD I2C3_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C3 event DCD I2C3_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C3 error DCD OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS End Point 1 Out DCD OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS End Point 1 In DCD OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS Wakeup through EXTI DCD OTG_HS_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS DCD DCMI_IRQHandler ; DCMI DCD CRYP_IRQHandler ; CRYP crypto DCD HASH_RNG_IRQHandler ; Hash and Rng DCD FPU_IRQHandler ; FPU __Vectors_End __Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End - __Vectors AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY ; Reset handler Reset_Handler PROC EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK] IMPORT SystemInit IMPORT __main LDR R0, =SystemInit BLX R0 LDR R0, =__main BX R0 ENDP ; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified) NMI_Handler PROC EXPORT NMI_Handler [WEAK] B . ENDP HardFault_Handler PROC EXPORT HardFault_Handler [WEAK] B . ENDP MemManage_Handler PROC EXPORT MemManage_Handler [WEAK] B . ENDP BusFault_Handler PROC EXPORT BusFault_Handler [WEAK] B . ENDP UsageFault_Handler PROC EXPORT UsageFault_Handler [WEAK] B . ENDP SVC_Handler PROC EXPORT SVC_Handler [WEAK] B . ENDP DebugMon_Handler PROC EXPORT DebugMon_Handler [WEAK] B . ENDP PendSV_Handler PROC EXPORT PendSV_Handler [WEAK] B . ENDP SysTick_Handler PROC EXPORT SysTick_Handler [WEAK] B . ENDP Default_Handler PROC EXPORT WWDG_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT PVD_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT FLASH_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT RCC_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT ADC_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT CAN1_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM2_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM3_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM4_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT I2C1_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT I2C1_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT I2C2_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT I2C2_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT SPI1_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT SPI2_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT USART1_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT USART2_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT USART3_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM8_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT FSMC_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT SDIO_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM5_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT SPI3_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT UART4_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT UART5_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM7_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT ETH_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT CAN2_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT OTG_FS_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT USART6_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT I2C3_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT I2C3_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT OTG_HS_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DCMI_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT CRYP_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT HASH_RNG_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT FPU_IRQHandler [WEAK] WWDG_IRQHandler PVD_IRQHandler TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler FLASH_IRQHandler RCC_IRQHandler EXTI0_IRQHandler EXTI1_IRQHandler EXTI2_IRQHandler EXTI3_IRQHandler EXTI4_IRQHandler DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler ADC_IRQHandler CAN1_TX_IRQHandler CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler EXTI9_5_IRQHandler TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler TIM1_CC_IRQHandler TIM2_IRQHandler TIM3_IRQHandler TIM4_IRQHandler I2C1_EV_IRQHandler I2C1_ER_IRQHandler I2C2_EV_IRQHandler I2C2_ER_IRQHandler SPI1_IRQHandler SPI2_IRQHandler USART1_IRQHandler USART2_IRQHandler USART3_IRQHandler EXTI15_10_IRQHandler RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler TIM8_CC_IRQHandler DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler FSMC_IRQHandler SDIO_IRQHandler TIM5_IRQHandler SPI3_IRQHandler UART4_IRQHandler UART5_IRQHandler TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler TIM7_IRQHandler DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler ETH_IRQHandler ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler CAN2_TX_IRQHandler CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler OTG_FS_IRQHandler DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler USART6_IRQHandler I2C3_EV_IRQHandler I2C3_ER_IRQHandler OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler OTG_HS_IRQHandler DCMI_IRQHandler CRYP_IRQHandler HASH_RNG_IRQHandler FPU_IRQHandler B . ENDP ALIGN ;******************************************************************************* ; User Stack and Heap initialization ;******************************************************************************* IF :DEF:__MICROLIB EXPORT __initial_sp EXPORT __heap_base EXPORT __heap_limit ELSE IMPORT __use_two_region_memory EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap __user_initial_stackheap LDR R0, = Heap_Mem LDR R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size) LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size) LDR R3, = Stack_Mem BX LR ALIGN ENDIF END ;************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE***** |
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